Simulating Transport and Geochemical Evolution of Acid Mine Drainage through Discretely Fractured Porous Media
نویسنده
چکیده
A modelling study is performed to assess the evolution of acid mine drainage (AMD) in fractured subsurface environments using two simulation methods: the equivalent porous medium (EPM) and the discrete-fracture network (DFN) approach. The 2D simulations are conducted using the numerical flow and reactive transport model POLYMIN (Molson et al. 2005) based on a mixed silicate-carbonate host rock overlain by reactive tailings. The POLYMIN model uses the local equilibrium assumption (LEA) for geochemical reactions and embeds discrete 1D or 2D planar elements into the porous matrix blocks to represent the discrete fracture network. Multi-component advective-dispersive transport, geochemical speciation and water-rock interactions are accounted for. The conceptual modelling approaches are compared using predicted pH and concentrations of aqueous oxidation products including SO4 and Fe. The EPM vs. DFN comparisons show that even for a densely-fractured network, AMD plume evolution can be significantly different from that assuming an equivalent porous medium approach. The results have implications for future coupling of hydro-geochemical and geo-mechanical models for predicting environmental impacts of acid mine drainage in complex mining environments. RÉSUMÉ L'évolution du drainage minier acide (DMA) dans des milieux fracturés est étudiée ici à l’aide de deux méthodes de simulation : le milieu poreux équivalent (MPE) et l'approche par réseau de fractures discrètes (RFD). Les simulations en 2D ont été réalisées en utilisant le code numérique d’écoulement et de transport réactif POLYMIN (Molson et al. 2005). Le modèle conceptuel étudié consiste en une couche de résidus miniers placée au-dessus d’un massif de roches fracturées constituées de silicates et de carbonates. Le modèle POLYMIN utilise l’hypothèse d'équilibre locale (LEA) pour les réactions géochimiques et inclut les éléments 1D ou 2D dans la matrice poreuse pour représenter le réseau de fractures. Le transport advectif-dispersif de divers composés, la spéciation géochimique et les interactions eau-roche sont pris en compte. Les différents modèles conceptuels sont comparés entre eux en utilisant, entre autres, le pH et les concentrations des produits d'oxydation en solution, tels les SO4 et le Fe. Les comparaisons montrent que, pour un réseau densément fracturé, l’évolution du drainage minier acide (DMA) obtenue avec le RFD peut être sensiblement différente de celle définie par l’approche utilisant le MPE. Les résultats ont des implications pour les travaux futurs visant à développer des modèles couplés combinant l’hydrogéochimie et la géo-mécanique afin de prédire les impacts du drainage minier acide sur les environnements miniers complexes.
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